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1 δύναμις
δύναμις, εως, ἡ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) gener. ‘capability’, with emphasis on function.① potential for functioning in some way, power, might, strength, force, capabilityⓐ general, λαμβάνειν δ. receive power Ac 1:8 (cp. Epict. 1, 6, 28; 4, 1, 109; Tat. 16, 1 δραστικωτέρας δ.); ἰδίᾳ δ. by one’s own capability 3:12. Of kings τὴν δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ διδόασιν Rv 17:13 (cp. Just., A I, 17, 3 βασιλικῆς δ.).—Of God’s power (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 66, 33 Jac. θεῶν δ., Diod S 1, 20, 6 τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν of Osiris’ function as benefactor to humanity; 5, 71, 6; 27, 12, 1; 34 + 35 Fgm. 28, 3; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 70, 75; 84; 23 [40], 36; Herm. Wr. 14, 9 ὁ θεὸς …, ἡ [ᾧ v.l.] πᾶσα δύναμις τοῦ ποιεῖν πάντα; PGM 4, 641; 7, 582; 12, 250; LXX; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 13, 12, 4; 7 [Fgm. 4, ln. 22 p. 164; ln. 84 p. 172]; EpArist; Jos., Ant. 8, 109; 9, 15; SibOr 3, 72; Just., A I, 32, 11 al.) Mt 22:29; Mk 12:24; Lk 22:69; Ro 1:16, 20 (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 167 God is known through his δ.); 9:17 (Ex 9:16); 1 Cor 1:18, 24; 2:5; 6:14; 2 Cor 4:7; 6:7; 13:4; Eph 3:7; 2 Ti 1:8; 1 Pt 1:5; Rv 1:16; 11:17; 12:10; 15:8; cp. 2 Cor 12:9a; Rv 5:12; 1 Cl 11:2; 33:3; Dg 7:9; 9:1f; δ. ὑψίστου Lk 1:35. In doxology (1 Ch 29:11f; on the doxol. in the Lord’s Prayer HSchumaker, Cath. World 160, ’45, 342–49) Mt 6:13 v.l.; D 8:2; 9:4; 10:5. Cp. Rv 4:11; 7:12; 19:1.—IMg 3:1; ISm 1:1; Hv 3, 3, 5; m 5, 2, 1; PtK 2. Hence God is actually called δ. (Philo, Mos. 1, 111, Mut. Nom. 29; Ath. 16, 2) Mt 26:64; Mk 14:62 (cp. Wsd 1:3; 5:23 and Dalman, Worte 164f). Christ possesses a θεία δ. (this expr. in Aristot., Pol. 4 [7], 4, 1326a 32; PGM 12, 302 al.; s. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 40, 20 al.; Did., Gen. 60, 8; s. θεῖος 1a) 2 Pt 1:3; cp. 1:16 and 1 Cor 5:4; of Christ’s potential to achieve someth. through Paul 2 Cor 12:9b (cp. SEG XXXIV, 1308, 5f [50 B.C.–50 A.D.]). In Hs 9, 26, 8, the potential associated with the women in black leads to destruction. δ. leaves Christ at his death GPt 5:19 (s. LVaganay, L’Évangile de Pierre 1930, 108; 254ff). ἐν τῇ τοῦ κυρίου δ. AcPlCor 2:39.— Power of the Holy Spirit (Jos., Ant. 8, 408; Just., D. 87, 4f al.) Lk 4:14; Ac 1:8; Ro 15:13, 19 (ἐν δ. πν. [θεοῦ]); Hm 11:2, 5. ἐν ἀποδείξει πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως 1 Cor 2:4; cp. ἐγείρεται ἐν δ. 15:43, foll. by σῶμα πνευμάτικον. δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι be strengthened in power (i.e. with ability to function) by the Spirit Eph 3:16. Hence the Spirit given the Christian can be called πνεῦμα δυνάμεως, i.e. in contrast to an unenterprising spirit, πνεῦμα δειλίας, God offers one that functions aggressively, 2 Ti 1:7; cp. 1 Pt 4:14 v.l.; AcPl Ha 8, 25/BMM 32f/Ox 1602, 39. The believers are ἐν πάσῃ δ. δυναμούμενοι equipped w. all power Col 1:11; cp. Eph 1:19; 3:20 (for Eph 1:19 cp. 1QH 14:23; 11:29 al.; for Eph 3:16, 6:10 cp. 1QH 7:17, 19; 12:35; 1QM 10:5; see KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 336); esp. the apostles and other people of God Lk 24:49; Ac 4:33; 6:8; cp. AcPl Ha 6, 21. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δ. Ἠλίου Lk 1:17.—Of the devil’s destructive capability Lk 10:19; cp. Rv 13:2. ἡ δύναμις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νόμος what gives sin its power to function is the law 1 Cor 15:56.ⓑ specif., the power that works wonders (SEG VIII, 551, 39 [I B.C.]; POxy 1381, 206ff; PGM 4, 2449; 12, 260ff; Just., D. 49, 8 κρυφία δ.; s. JZingerle, Heiliges Recht 1926, 10f; JRöhr, D. okkulte Kraftbegriff im Altertum 1923, 14f) Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; Hv 1, 3, 4. ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ θεός δυνάμει (God endowed him to perform miracles) Ac 10:38 (Dio Chrys. 66 [16], 10 of Jason: χρισάμενος δυνάμει τινί, λαβὼν παρὰ τῆς Μηδείας; Diod S 4, 51, 1 τ. τρίχας δυνάμεσί τισι χρίσασα=she anointed her hair with certain potions; 4, 51, 4; 17, 103, 4 ὁ σίδηρος κεχριμένος ἦν φαρμάκου δυνάμει=with a poisonous potion. Diod S 1, 97, 7 a powerful medium=φάρμακον; s. ἐξουσία 7; also RAC II 415–58). τὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ δ. ἐξελθοῦσαν potency emanated from him Mk 5:30; cp. Lk 8:46; δ. παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἐξήρχετο 6:19; cp. 5:17; perh. also (but s. 3 below) Gal 3:5; 1 Cor 12:28f (on the pl. δυνάμεις s. X., Cyr. 8, 8, 14; Herm. Wr. 13, 8 al.; on this ADieterich, E. Mithraslit. 1903, 46f; cp. PKöhn VI, 245, 18 Athena; for parallels and lit. s. Ptocheia [=ASP 31] ’91, 55). ἐν δ. with power, powerful(ly) (TestJob 47:9; Synes., Ep. 90 p. 230d τοὺς ἐν δ.) Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; μετὰ δυνάμεως Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27.—κατὰ δύναμιν w. gen. (Lucian, Imag. 3) by the power of Hb 7:16. Hebraist.=δυνατός (but readily understood in the Greek world as a defining gen., e.g. λόγου ἄνοια=vocal frenzy Soph. Antig. 603; s. Judg 3:29; 20:46 [ἄνδρες δυνάμεως B =ἄνδρες δυνατοί A]; Wsd 5:23): τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ by his powerful word 1:3; μετʼ ἀγγέλων δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ w. messengers of his power i.e. angels who exercise Jesus’ power 2 Th 1:7 (unless this is to be rendered with KJV et al. his mighty angels) (cp. En 20:1; GrBar 1:8; 2:6); μὴ ἔχων δ. powerless Hv 3, 11, 2; m 9:12. ἰσχυρὰν δ. ἔχειν be very powerful m 5, 2, 3; cp. 9:11; ἐν ποίᾳ δ.; by what power? (s. under 5) Ac 4:7. ὕψος δυνάμεως pride in (one’s) power B 20:1.—Effectiveness in contrast to mere word or appearance 1 Cor 4:19f; 1 Th 1:5. ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι they have the outward appearance of piety, but deny its function 2 Ti 3:5 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 409 τὸ ὄνομα τ. βασιλείας εἶχεν, τ. δὲ δύναμιν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι=[Alexandra] bore the title queen, but the Pharisees were in control). δ. πίστεως the power of faith in contrast to verbal profession IEph 14:2. Sim. δ. w. ἐξουσία (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 65) potent authority i.e. the word of Jesus is not only authoritative but functions effectively ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ, for the unclean spirits depart Lk 4:36; 9:1.—W. ἰσχύς 2 Pt 2:11 (Ath. 24, 2); w. ἐνέργεια Hm 6, 1, 1 (cp. Galen X, 635); τὴν δ. τῆς ἀναστάσεως the effectiveness of his (Christ’s) resurrection, which brings about the resurrection of the believers Phil 3:10.—Of the peculiar power inherent in a thing (of the healing power of medicines since Hippocr.; cp. Diod S 1, 20, 4; 1, 97, 7; 17, 103, 4; Plut., Mor. 157d al.; Dio Chrys. 25 [42], 3; Galen, Comp. Med. XIII 707 K.). δ. πυρός Hb 11:34 (Diod S 15, 50, 3 δ. τοῦ φωτός=the intensity of the light).② ability to carry out someth., ability, capability (cp. Democrit, Fgm. B 234; Pla., Philb. 58d; cp. Aristot., Metaph. 4, 12, 1019a 26; Epict. 2, 23, 34; 4 Km 18:20; Ruth 3:11; Jos., Ant. 10, 54; Just., D. 4, 1) δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος Hb 11:11 (s. entry καταβολή). κατὰ δύναμιν according to ability (Diod S 14, 81, 6 v.l.; SIG 695, 9; 44 [129 B.C.]; PGM 4, 650; POxy 1273, 24; BGU 1050, 14; Sir 29:20; Jos., Ant. 3, 102; Just., A II, 13, 6; also ὅση δ. A I, 13, 1; 55, 8 al.; ὡς δ. μου D. 80, 5) 2 Cor 8:3a; ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν δ. to each according to his special capability (cp. SIG 695, 55) Mt 25:15; AcPl Ha 7, 17. Opp. beyond one’s ability ὑπὲρ δύναμιν (Demosth. 18, 193; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 1 §3; 2, 13 §49; POxy 282, 8; Sir 8:13) 2 Cor 1:8 or παρὰ δ. (Thu. 3, 54, 4; PPetr II, 3b, 2 [III B.C.]; POxy 1418, 3; Jos., Ant. 14, 378) 8:3b.③ a deed that exhibits ability to function powerfully, deed of power, miracle, wonder (Ael. Aristid. 40, 12 K.=5 p. 59 D.: δυνάμεις ἐμφανεῖς; 42, 4 K.=6 p. 64 D. al.; Eutecnius 4 p. 41, 13; POxy 1381, 42; 90f τ. δυνάμεις ἀπαγγέλλειν; Steinleitner, nos. 3, 7f and 17; 8, 10 [restored] al.; Ps 117:15; Just., A I, 26, 22 al.) w. σημεῖα 2 Th 2:9; also in pl. Ac 2:22; 2 Cor 12:12; Hb 2:4; in this sense δ. stands mostly in pl. δυνάμεις Mt 7:22; 11:20f, 23; 13:54, 58; Mk 6:2; 9:39; Lk 10:13; 19:37; Ac 8:13; 19:11; 1 Cor 12:10, 28f; Gal 3:5 (on the two last pass. s. 1b above); Hb 6:5. Sg. Mk 6:5.④ someth. that serves as an adjunct of power, resource μικρὰν ἔχειν δ. have few resources Rv 3:8. Also wealth (X., An. 7, 7, 36, Cyr. 8, 4, 34; Dt 8:17f) ἐκ τῆς δ. τοῦ στρήνους fr. the excessive wealth Rv 18:3. Esp. of military forces (Hdt. et al. very oft.; cp. OGI ind. VIII; LXX; Jos., Ant. 18, 262; Just., D 131, 3), even of the heavenly bodies thought of as armies δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν the armies of heaven (Is 34:4 v.l.; 4 Km 17:16; Da 8:10 Theod.; En 18:14) Mt 24:29; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25.⑤ an entity or being, whether human or transcendent, that functions in a remarkable manner, power as a personal transcendent spirit or heavenly agent/angel ([cp. Pla., Crat. 438c] Aristot., Met. 4, 12, 1019a, 26 divinities δυνάμεις [likewise TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 21=Stone p. 36] λέγονται; Eth. Epic. col. 9, 16, w. θεοι; Porphyr., Abst. 2, 2 p. 133 Nauck δαίμοσιν ἢ θεοῖς ἤ τισι δυνάμεσιν θῦσαι; Sallust. 15 p. 28, 15 αἱ ἄνω δυνάμεις; Herm. Wr. 1, 26; 13, 15; Synes., Ep. 57 p. 191b; PGM 4, 3051; 4 Macc 5:13; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 171, Mut. Nom. 59) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 1 Pt 3:22; αἱ δ. τοῦ σατανᾶ IEph 13:1. (Cp. αἱ πονηραὶ δ., διάβολος καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ Did., Gen. 45, 4.) θεὸς ἀγγέλων καὶ δ. MPol 14:1 (cp. the ins in FCumont, Étud. syr. 1917, p. 321, 5 ὁ θεὸς τ. δυνάμεων=BCH 26, 1902, 176; Just., D. 85, 6 ἄγγελοι … καὶ δ.)—Desig. of a personal divine being as a power (i.e. an effective intermediary or expression; s. DDD 509–16) of the most high God (Ael. Aristid. 37, 28 K.=2 p. 27 D.: Athena as δ. τοῦ Διός; Just., A I, 14, 5 δ. θεοῦ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ ἦν; cp. 23, 2; Tat. 5, 1) οὗτός ἐστιν ἡ δύναμις τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ καλουμένη μεγάλη this man is what is called the Great Power of God Ac 8:10 (cp. ins of Saïttaï in Lydia εἷς θεὸς ἐν οὐρανοῖς μέγας Μὴν οὐράνιος, μεγάλη δύναμις τοῦ ἀθανάτου θεοῦ: ILydiaKP 110; PGM 4, 1275ff ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὴν μεγίστην δύναμιν τὴν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ὑπὸ κυρίου θεοῦ τεταγμένην. S. New Docs 1, 107. Cp. HKippenberg, Garizim u. Synagoge: RVV ’71, 122–24.—GWetter, ‘D. Sohn Gottes’ 1916, 8f; WSpiegelberg, Die ägypt. Gottheit der ‘Gotteskraft’: Ztschr. f. äg. Sprache 57, 1922, 145ff; FPreisigke, D. Gotteskraft der frühchristl. Zeit 1922).⑥ the capacity to convey thought, meaning (Pla., Crat. 394b; Polyb. 20, 9, 11; Dionys. Hal. 1, 68; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 19; Cass. Dio 55, 3; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 125; Just., D. 125, 1 ἡ δ. τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὀνόματος; 138, 1 ὀγδόης ἡμέρας … δυνάμει … πρώτης) of language 1 Cor 14:11; of stones Hv 3, 4, 3; cp. 3, 8, 6f.—OSchmitz, D. Begriff δ. bei Pls: ADeissmann Festschr. 1927, 139–67; WGrundmann, D. Begriff d. Kraft in d. ntl. Gedankenwelt ’32; Dodd 16–20; EFascher, Dynamis Theou: ZTK n. s. 19, ’38, 82–108; LBieler, Δύναμις u. ἐξουσία: Wiener Studien 55, ’38, 182–90; AForster, The Mng. of Power for St. Paul, ATR 32, ’50, 177–85; MBarré, CBQ 42, ’80, 216–27 (contrast w. ‘weakness’ in Qumran lit.)—DELG. Lampe s.v. δύναμις VI B and VII. RAC IV 441–51. EDNT. M-M. TW. -
2 σαλεύω
σαλεύω fut. 3 sg. σαλεύσει Wsd 4:19; 1 aor. ἐσάλευσα. Pass.: 1 fut. σαλευθήσομαι Wsd 4:19; 1 aor. ἐσαλεύθην; pf. 3 sg. σεσάλευται Ps 93:18; ptc. σεσαλευμένος (σάλος; Aeschyl., Pla., X.+; OGI 515, 47; pap, LXX; En 101:4; TestSol; TestLevi 3:9; GrBar 6:13; Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 636, Ant. 8, 136 al.; SibOr 3, 675) prim. ‘shake’; in our lit. only trans.① to cause to move to and fro, shake, cause to waver/totter pass. be shaken, be made to waver/totter (Diod S 12, 47, 2 τ. τείχη) οἰκίαν shake a house (a flood: Sb 8267, 8 [5 B.C.]) Lk 6:48. τὴν γῆν Hb 12:26—Pass. (Hippol., Ref. 1, 8, 12) κάλαμος ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενος a reed driven to and fro by the wind (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 28 §120 [pass. in act. sense of a swaying reed]; s. Is 7:2; Jos., Ant. 4, 51 ἐξ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον κῦμα) Mt 11:7; Lk 7:24. Cp. Rv 6:13 v.l. Of a house ἐσαλεύθη ὁ τόπος the place shook, lit. was shaken (cp. Ps 17:8; GrBar 6:13) Ac 4:31 (cp. Lucian, Necyom. 10 ἅπαντα ἐκεῖνα ἐσαλεύετο.—σαλεύεσθαι as a sign of divine presence TestLevi 3:9; Jos., Ant. 7, 76f). Of foundations shaking in an earthquake (cp. Ps 81:5) 16:26. αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται the armies of heaven will be shaken Mt 24:29; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25 (PJoüon, RSR 29, ’39, 114f). Also of the heavens moving in orderly fashion at God’s command, prob. in ref. to the variety of motions exhibited in the heavens οἱ οὐρανοὶ σαλευόμενοι 1 Cl 20:1 (s. HHellfritz, VigChr 22, ’68, 1–7).—μέτρον σεσαλευμένον a measure that is shaken together Lk 6:38.—In imagery: τὰ σαλευόμενα that which is or can be shaken Hb 12:27a forms a contrast (cp. Philo, Leg. All. 38) to τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα that which is not (and cannot be) shaken vs. 27b; the former is the heaven and earth of the world as it now exists (vs. 26), the latter the coming Kingdom (vs. 28).② to disturb inwardly, disturb, shake, fig. ext. of 1 (Appian, Iber. 102 §442 of wavering in loyalty; PsSol 8:33; 15:4) ἵνα μὴ σαλευθῶ that I may not be shaken or disturbed Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); σαλευθῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ νοός (Theodor. Prodr. 4, 319 H. τὸν νοῦν σαλευθείς) 2 Th 2:2. Incite perh. to the point of riot Ac 17:13.—B. 675. DELG s.v. σάλος. M-M. TW. -
3 μάχομαι
Aμαχέοιτο Il.1.272
, μαχέοιντο ib. 344 (v.l. μαχέονται); part. μαχεόμενος v.l. in Hdt.7.104 (elsewh. μαχόμενος, 9.75,al.); [dialect] Ep.μαχειόμενος Od.17.471
,μαχεούμενος 11.403
, 24.113: [dialect] Ep.[tense] impf.μαχέσκετο Il.7.140
: [tense] fut.μαχήσομαι 23.621
, Hdt.7.209; μαχέσομαι, δια-μαχεσόμεθα (as v.l.) Id.9.48; also in late Prose, J.AJ 11.8.3, Plu.2.215f; , Ar.Pl. 1076, etc., μαχεῖται even in Il.20.26, butμαχέονται 2.366
; [dialect] Ep. μαχέσσομαι v.l. for μαχήσομαι 1.298: [tense] aor.ἐμαχεσάμην Hdt.1.18
, etc.; opt.μαχέσαιο Il.6.329
; inf.μαχέσασθαι 17.178
, alsoμαχέσσασθαι 15.633
; opt.μαχεσσαίμεσθα Theoc.22.74
; part.μαχεσσαμένω Il.1.304
; laterμαχήσασθαι Paus.1.27.1
, ( ἀνα-) D.S.19.93: [tense] pf.μεμάχημαι Th.7.43
, Lys.7.41, Isoc.6.54: late [tense] aor.ἐμαχέσθην Plu.2.970f
, Paus.5.4.9: [tense] fut. μαχεσθήσομαι only Sch.rec.A.Th. 672:— fight, Hom., etc.;ὑσμῖνι μ. Il.2.863
; πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μ. ib. 452, etc.;μάχην μ. X.Ages.5.5
: in Hom. mostly of armies and persons fighting as parts of armies, but sts. of single combat, Il.3.91, 433, 7.51, 111, 279, Od.18.31,39; between men and beasts, Il.15.633, Od.20.15; between beasts, Il.16.824:—Constr.: c. dat. pers., fight with, i. e. against, one,ἀνδράσιν ἶφι μ. Il.1.151
, cf. S.Ph. 1253, etc.; μ. ἀντία, ἐναντίον τινός, Il.20.88,97;ἐπί τινι 5.124
, etc.;πρός τινα 17.471
, but πρὸς δαίμονα against heaven's will, ib.98 (in [dialect] Att. Prose, mostly c. dat. orπρός, μ. τοῖς πολεμίοις D.4.47
;πρὸς ἀλλήλους Isoc.4.116
); μ. σὺν σοί,.. θεά, with thy help, Od.13.390; μετὰ πρώτοισι μ. among the foremost, Il.5.575; μετὰ Βοιωτῶν μ. with them, in their ranks, 13.700;πρός τινας μετ' ἀλλήλων Isoc. 10.53
, cf. Pl.Smp. 179a; κατὰ σφέας γὰρ μαχέονται will fight by themselves, Il.2.366 (but κατ' ἕνα μ. fight in single combat, Hdt. 7.104); μ. πρό τινος before him: hence, metaph., for him, in his defence, Il.4.156, 8.56, X.HG5.4.33, etc.;ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου Heraclit. 44
;πάτρας ὕπερ E.Ph. 1002
;Ἕλλησιν ὑπὲρ Ἑλλήνων Pl.Mx. 239b
;περὶ δαιτί Od.2.245
; but later usu. περί τινος, A.Supp. 740, Cratin. 163, Hdt.1.95;ἀμφί τινι Il.3.70
,91;ἀμφὶ νέκυι 16.565
;εἵνεκά τινος 2.377
: c. dat. instrum., τόξοισι, πελέκεσσι μ., 7.140, 15.711 ( χερσὶ μαχέσσασθαι, of boxers, Od.18.39); μ. ἀπ' ἵππου fight from horseback, Hdt.9.63; τὸ μήπω μεμαχημένον the force that had not yet come into action, Th.7.43.2 c. acc., fight against, only f.l. in Philostr.Im. 2.23.II generally, quarrel, wrangle,ἔριδι μ. Il.1.8
; μ. ἐπέεσσιν ib. 304, etc.; τινι 5.875, 13.118; τῷ παιδὶ μ. make a scene with.., Thphr.Char.23.8; dispute, argue,περί τι μ. Pl.R. 342d
, etc.III contend for the mastery in games, etc.,πὺξ μ. Il.23.621
; measure oneself with or against, τινι 1.272;παγκράτιον μ. Ar.V. 1190
, 1195;μ. Ὀλυμπιάδα Philostr.Gym.21
.IV after Hom., struggle against a force,ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μ. Simon.5.21
;ὄμβρῳ Alc.Supp.26.4
;πρὸς ἡνίας μ. A.Pr. 1010
;πρὸς ἐπιθυμίας ἢ ἡδονάς Pl.La. 191e
; μ. τῷ λιμῷ, τῷ δίψει, X.Cyr.3.1.5.V c. inf., struggle, make an effort to do, Arist.HA 552a23.VI of arguments, propositions, etc., to be in contradiction or inconsistent,τρία ὁμολογήματα μ. αὐτὰ αὑτοῖς Pl.Tht. 155b
, cf. Plb.16.28.4;μαχόμενα Phld.Mus.p.95
K., S.E.P.1.198, al.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μάχομαι
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4 ἀείρω
ἀείρω, [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Ion., and poet.; [full] αἴρω (once in Hom., v. infr.), [dialect] Att. and Trag. (exc. A. Th. 759, Pers. 660, both lyr.); [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἀέρρω, Alc.78: [tense] impf. ἤειρον ([etym.] συν-) Il.10.499, Hdt.2.125, [dialect] Ep.Aἄειρον Il.19.386
, [dialect] Att. and Trag. ᾖρον: [tense] fut. ἀρῶ [ᾱ], [var] contr. for ἀερῶ (which is not found), A. Pers. 795, E.Heracl. 322, Tr. 1148, prob. in Luc. Hist.Conscr. 14: [tense] aor. 1 ἤειρα ([etym.] συν-) Il.24.590, ([etym.] παρ-) Archil.94, Herod.9.13, [dialect] Ep.ἄειρα Il.23.730
; [dialect] Aeol. imper.ἀέρρατε Sapph.91
; subj.ἀέρσῃ Panyas.13.13
; part. ; alsoἄηρα IG12(3).449
([place name] Thera);ἦρα Hdt. 9.59
, A.Ag.47, Th.6.18, etc., [ per.] 3pl. , opt.ἄραις Herod.5.71
, inf.ἆραι Call. Cer.35
, part.ἄρας Th.2.12
, etc., Cret. (Gort.) [ᾱ- in all moods]: [tense] pf.ἦρκα D.25.52
, ([etym.] ἀπ-) Th.8.100, [tense] plpf. ἤρκεσαν ([etym.] ἀπ-) D.19.150:—[voice] Med. [full] ἀείρομαι ([etym.] ἀπ-) Il. 21.563, S.Tr. 216 (lyr.); [full] αἴρομαι E.El. 360, Th.4.60: fut ἀροῦμαι [pron. full] [ᾱ] E.Hel. 1597 : [tense] aor. 1 imper.ἀείραο A.R.4.746
, inf. ἀείρασθαι ([etym.] ἀντ-) Hdt.7.212, part.- άμενος Il.23.856
, IG4.952.112 (Epid.); also ἠράμην [ᾱ- in all moods] Il.14.510, Od.4.107, E.Heracl. 986, Ar. Ra. 525, Pl.R. 374e, etc., [dialect] Dor.ἄρατο B.2.5
: [tense] pf.ἦρμαι S.El.54
:— [voice] Pass., E.Alc. 450 (lyr.), Hp.Mul.2.174: [tense] fut. : [tense] aor.ἠέρθην A.R.4.1651
, ([etym.] παρ-) Il.16.341, [dialect] Ep.ἀέρθην Od.19.540
, [ per.] 3pl.ἄερθεν Il.8.74
, subj. (lyr.), part.ἀερθείς Od.8.375
, Pi.N.7.75, A.Ag. 1525 (lyr.), Hp.Mul.1.1, etc.; alsoἤρθην Simon.111
, A.Th. 214 (lyr.), Th.4.42, etc., part.ἀρθείς Il.13.63
, ([etym.] ἐπ-) Hdt.1.90, etc.: [tense] pf.ἤερμαι A.R.2.171
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3sg. ἄωρτο (for ἤορτο) Il.3.272, Theoc.24.43,ἔωρτο Hsch.
[ ἀείρω has [pron. full] ᾰ, exc. in late poetry, as Opp. C.1.347.] ( ἀείρω = ἀ-ϝερ-yω, cf.αὐειρομέναι Alcm.23.63
; αἴρω (oncein Hom., Il.17.724 in part. αἴροντας) may = ϝαρ-ψω for ϝγ[νυλλ ]-ψω from the reduced form of the root, but is more probably an analogical formation arising from the contracted forms. Fut. ἀροῦμαι [pron. full] [ᾰ] and [tense] aor. ἀρόμην, ἤρετο, etc., inf. ἀρέσθαι [pron. full] [ᾰ], belong to ἄρνυμαι, q.v.; ἤρᾰτο may have displaced ἤρετο in Hom, cf. Eust. ad Il.3.373. The sense attach found in compds. συν-, παρ-αείρω is prob. derived from the use v.1.)I [voice] Act., lift, raise up,νέκυν Il.17.724
; ὑψόσ' ἀείρας [κυνέην] 10.465;πίνακας παρέθηκεν ἀείρας Od.1.141
;Εὐμάστας με ἄηρεν ἀπὸ χθονός IG12(3).449
, inscr. on a stone ([place name] Thera); ἀπὸ γῆς αἴ. Pl.Ti. 90a; ἱστία στεῖλαν ἀείραντες furled by brailing them up, Od.3.11; but ἀ. ἱστία hoist sail, A.R.2.1229;αἴ. κεραίας D.S. 13.12
;εὔμαριν ἀ. A.Pers. 660
; κοῦφον αἴ. βῆμα walk lightly, trip, E.Tr. 342; αἴ. σκέλη, of a horse, X.Eq.10.15, cf. Arist.IA 710b20;ὀρθὸν αἴ. τὸ κάρα A.Ch. 496
;ὀφθαλμὸν ἄρας S.Tr. 795
; ἄρασα μύξας, of a deer, Id.Fr.89;ὀφρῦς αἴροντα Diph.85
; αἴ. σημεῖον make a signal, X.Cyr.7.1.23; αἴ. μηχανήν, in the theatre, Antiph.191.15; so ; τεῖχος ἱκανὸν αἴ. Th.1.90, cf. 2.75:—freq. in part., ἄρας ἔπαισε he raised [them] and struck, S.OT 1270;ἡ βουλὴ ἄρασα τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς ἀφῆκεν Plu. Cor.32
, cf. 1 Ep.Cor. 6.15 :—[voice] Pass.,ἐς αἰθέρα δῖαν ἀέρθη Od.19.540
, cf. Il.8.74;ὑψόσ' ἀερθείς Od.12.432
;ἔμπνους ἀρθείς Antipho 2.1.9
;φρυκτοὶ ᾔροντο Th.2.94
, cf. Aen. Tact.26.14; mount up, X.HG5.2.5; ἄνω ἀρθῆναι, of the sun, to be high in heaven, Hp.Aër.6; to be seized, snatched up, Ar.Ach. 565.2 take up, in various uses: draw water, Ar.Ra. 1339; gather food, S.Ph. 707; pluckherbs, PMag.Par.1.287, al.3 take up and carry or bring,ἐκ βελέων Σαρπηδόνα δῖον ἀείρας Il.16.678
;νόσφιν ἀειράσας 24.583
; ἄχθος ἀ. convey, of ships, Od.3.312; μῆλα ἐξ' Ιθάκης ἄειραν νηυσί carried them off, 21.18; μή μοι οἶνον ἄειρε bring me not wine, Il.6.264.5 of armies or fleets, τὰς ναῦς αἴ. get the ships under sail, Th.1.52; esp. intr., get under way, set out,ἆραι τῷ στρατῷ Id.2.12
: abs., ib.23:—[voice] Pass.,ἀερθῆναι Hdt.9.52
;ἀερθέντες ἐκ.. 1.165
;ἀ. εἰς.. 1.170
;ἐφ' ἡμετέρᾳ γᾷ ἀρθείς S.Ant. 111
(lyr.); but ἀερθείς carried too far, Pi.N.7.75.II raise up, exalt, , cf. 791; ὄλβον ὅν Δαρεῖος ἦρεν Id.Pers. 164:—esp. of pride and passion, exalt, excite, ὑψοῦ αἴ. θυμόν grow excited, S.OT 914; αἴ. θάρσος pluck up courage, E.IA 1598:—[voice] Pass., to be raised, increased,ἡ δύναμις ᾔρετο Th.1.118
;ᾔρετο τὸ ὕψος τοῦ τείχους μέγα Id.2.75
; ἤρθη μέγας rose to greatness, D.2.8;οὐκ ἤρθη νοῦν ἐς ἀτασθαλίην Simon.111
; ἀρθῆναι φόβῳ, δείμασι, A.Th. 214, E.Hec.69: abs., (lyr.), cf. Ar.Ec. 1180.III lift and take away, remove,ἀπό με τιμᾶν ἦραν A.Eu. 847
;τινὰ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Pl.R. 578e
; generally, take away, put an end to, ; τραπέζας αἴ. clear away dinner, Men.273;ἀρθέντος τοῦ αἰτίου Arist.Pr. 920b11
; deny (opp. τίθημι posit), S.E.P.1.10; Delph. and [dialect] Locr. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. part. ἀρμένος cancelled, null and void,ὠνὰ ἀ. καὶ ἄκυρος GDI1746
(Delph.);ἀτελὴς καὶ ἀ. IG9(1).374
([place name] Naupactus).2 make away with, destroy, Ev.Matt.24.39;ἆρον, ἆρον
away with him!Ev.Jo.
19.15; ἐκ τῶν ζώντων αἴ. Tab.Defix.Aud.1.18.IV [voice] Med., lift, take up for oneself or what is one's own, [πέπλων] ἕν' ἀειραμένη Il.6.293
; hence, carry off, win,πάντας ἀειράμενος πελέκεας 23.856
;ἄρατο νίκαν B.2.5
;ἠρμένοι νίκην Str.3.2.13
.2 ὄγκον ἄρασθαι to be puffed up, S.Aj. 129; .3 raise, lift,τύπωμα ἠρμένοι χεροῖν S.El.54
; κανοῦν αἴ. Ar.Av. 850;βοῦς IG22.1028.28
, cf. Thphr.Char.27.5; ῥόθιον raise a surging cheer, Ar.Eq. 546;Σαμόσατα ἀράμενος μετέθηκεν Luc.Hist.Conscr.24
; ἀείρεσθαι τὰ ἱστία hoist sail, Hdt.8.56, cf. 94.4 raise, stir up,νεῖκος ἀειράμενος Thgn.90
, cf. E.Heracl. 986, 991; begin, undertake,πόλεμον A.
Supp..342, Hdt.7.132, Th.4.60, D.5.5 ([voice] Pass.,πόλεμος αἴρεται Ar.Av. 1188
); ; φυγὴν αἴρεσθαι take to flight, A.Pers. 481, E.Rh.54.6 abs., βαρὺς ἀ. slow to undertake anything, Hdt.4.150.V [voice] Pass., to be suspended, hang, [μάχαιρα] πὰρ ξίφεος μέγα κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο Il.3.272
, 19.253.2 Medic., to be swollen, [σπλὴν] ἀερθείς Hp.Mul.1.61
; μαζοὶ ἀείρονται ib.2.174.
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